What is alcohol?

Alcohol is a liquid produced by fermentation, which is the action of yeast on liquids containing sugars and starches. Pure alcohol has no colour or smell, but has a very strong taste experienced as a burning sensation. Alcoholic drinks vary in colour and taste because of other ingredients that are added to them.

Alcohol is a depressant drug—not a stimulant as many people think. Alcohol slows down activity in the central nervous system, which means it slows down the messages going between the brain and the body. Depressant drugs affect concentration and coordination, and slow the person's response time to unexpected situations.

In small quantities, depressants such as alcohol cause people to become relaxed and lower their inhibitions. They feel more confident and often act in a more extroverted manner. In larger quantities, depressants can cause unconsciousness and even death.

Alcohol and its effects

Standard drinks

Minimising the risks from alcohol

How to drink less

Alcohol use in Australia

Research and reports